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NONCONSEQUENTIALIST THEORIES
a) KANT`S ETHICS
Only when we act from duty that our actions have moral worth
Good will- "will" - human capacity to act from principle
When we act out of feeling, inclination, or self-interest, our action do not have moral worth
Example : Act of shopkeeper returning the extra cash
The Categorical Imperative
An act is our morally right only if we will the principle of our action to become a universal law.
Example : A law that allowed promised breaking would contradict the very nature of a promise.
A law that allowed lying would contradict the very nature of serious communication.
(i) Universal Acceptability
The moral rule that we obey are not imposed on us from the outside. they are self-imposed and self-recognized. Fully internalized principles.
To see whether rule or principle is a moral law - ask if the rule would be acceptable to all rational beings acting rationally.
The test of the morality of a rule is not whether people in fact accept it but whether all national being thinking rationally would accept it regardless of whether they are the doers or the receivers of the actions.
(ii) Humanity as an end, Never as Merely a Means
Every human being should treat everyone the way they themselves would want to be treated.
The test of the morality of a rule is not whether people in fact accept it but whether all national being thinking rationally would accept it regardless of whether they are the doers or the receivers of the actions.
(ii) Humanity as an end, Never as Merely a Means
Every human being should treat everyone the way they themselves would want to be treated.